Malaysia's most recent general election (GE15) resulted in a hung government as no single party or coalition won a sufficient majority. The current government is a unity government led by the centre-left Pakatan Harapan (PH), with the support of six other minority parties. MUDA is a youth-led, progressive political party which only won one seat in GE15 and has pledged support to PH's unity government.

For the purposes of the debate, the decentralisation of healthcare refers to initiatives taken to broaden the capacity of individuals to take charge of their own healthcare (e.g., the increased prevalence of self-diagnosis, wider availability of over-the-counter medicine, the popularity of health journalism).

Sovereign debt disputes are disputes between creditors (e.g. institutional investors, hedge funds etc.) and the governments they lend money to. They typically arise over interpretation of repayment terms and in instances of debt restructuring.

Dr. Maito is conducting a standard operation on a patient to retrieve a sample of kidney tissue for biopsy. During the operation, he discovers the initials 'AS' laser-scarred onto the kidney. Referring to the patient's medical records, he discovers the patient had previously undergone a kidney transplant surgery under their close friend and colleague Dr. Aireen Shli, who had used a laser to permanently scar their initials on the patient's kidney out of pride for their exceptional surgical work. The scar cannot be removed, does not affect the patient's health in any way, and will definitely not be discovered by anyone else after Dr. Maito's operation.