B: A solidarity strike is done by workers in the same industry to support another group of workers who are striking, even though they themselves do not have a direct grievance with their employer.

C: The number of regular workers in Japan shifting to another full-time job reached 990,000 in 2024, an increase of more than 60% from a decade ago. In a 2024 survey by the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 21% of young Japanese employees said they plan to stay with their current employer “until retirement”, down from 35% in 2014.

A: K. Annamalai is a former Indian Police Service officer who has led the BJP in Tamil Nadu since 2021. Under his leadership, the party increased its vote share in the 2024 Lok Sabha (lower house) elections despite not securing seats. 

The current ruling party is the DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam) which currently holds 134 of 234 seats. The AIADMK (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam) is a major political party in Tamil Nadu which severed ties with the BJP in 2023 due to Annamalai's remarks on Dravidian icons. The AIADMK currently holds 62 seats, while the BJP holds 4.

B: The Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) is a Taiwanese private company that produces 80-90% of the world's most advanced semiconductor chips and currently supplies to major companies like Apple, Nvidia etc. While the central govt of Taiwan is its largest shareholder, the company is majority owned by multiple foreign investors. Since the late 2020s, TSMC has gradually opened chip factories in the US and Japan - although majority of the chip manufacturing continues to reside within Taiwan.

A: The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an economic union currently consisting of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. It involves the free movement of capital, labor, goods and services, provides for common regulations across a range of industries and there are plans for creating a common currency.

C: Apparentement refers to a situation in which parties formally agree to link their lists where two or more parties declare that they are contesting the election as an alliance. This agreement is entered into by parties consensually prior to the election. This is used in the electoral systems of France, Italy, Uruguay, and Israel.

B: Anti-senescence is the field of research focused on slowing down or preventing the natural decline associated with aging cells, potentially leading to a longer healthspan and more youthful aesthetics.

B: The Aurat March is an annual feminist protest led by an alliance of liberal and radical feminist groups (e.g. Women’s Action Forum, Feminist Collective). It maintains a non-partisan stance and avoids formal ties to political parties.

In contrast, the Azadi March refers to mobilizations organized by socialist-feminist groups like the Women Democratic Front (WDF). Unlike the Aurat March, the WDF and the Azadi March are institutionally aligned with leftist parties like the Awami Workers Party (AWP).

C: Protests in Serbia emerged in 2023 following public anger over instances of infrastructure failure and allegations of government negligence. By March 2024, the movement had expanded to encompass broader grievances against President Aleksandar Vučić’s government. While the movement has largely maintained distance from established opposition parties, some factions later coalesced into electoral coalitions to contest elections.

A: A cooperative food production model refers to a system where food production, processing, or distribution is collectively owned and operated by a group of stakeholders (such as farmers, workers, or consumers), who share decision-making power and profits. These models prioritize democratic control, equitable distribution of resources, and often emphasize local food systems.

B: Nominal GDP targeting is a policy framework within which a central bank adjusts its monetary policy measures to achieve specific nominal GDP growth targets. Broadly, the goal of nominal GDP targeting is a steady rate of growth in the nominal GDP. Nominal GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services produced within the country for a given period. On the other hand, inflation targeting refers to central banks setting an annual target for the inflation rate.

C: The dollar-for-dollar model (also called matching funds or co-funding) is a financial mechanism used in foreign aid and charities. Under this model, donors (often a third party) commit to matching the recipient's contributions or investments at a fixed ratio.