A 'constitutional convention' is the gathering of delegates for the purpose of discussing the nation's Constitution. Depending on circumstance, the delegates may choose to maintain, omit, or add clauses into the Constitution; they may also elect to rewrite the entire Constitution.

"Originalism" refers to the the theory of interpreting the Constitution as closely as possible to the original intention and meaning that it had during the time of its writing. "Interventionism", on the other hand, refers to the theory of interpreting the Constitution in a way that actively circumvents this original intention in favor of suiting modern-day political issues.

Shemima Begum is a British-born woman who left to Syria to join ISIS at the age of 15 in 2015. In response, the British government revoked her citizenship and barred her entry into the United Kingdom. Begum has been living in a refugee camp in Northern Syria since 2020. In 2023, Begum’s appeal to the British government to reinstate her citizenship was rejected on grounds of ‘posing a threat.’

The Sims is a life-simulating video game where the player can create a human avatar (the Sim) and control all aspects of the Sim's life, such as their appearance, career, and love interests. The world of the Sims is not a utopia and also includes real-world misfortunes, such as falling sick, financial struggles, and ageing.

Retrospect3000 is a technology capable of seeing 10 years into the past to observe what would have happened if, when making the most important decision in your life, you had made a different choice. Although you can see what would have happened, you cannot change the past. It has been 10 years since you made the decision you consider to be the most important one in your life.

For the purposes of the debate, "fate" refers to all events over the course of one's life, including: the career path you will go into, the exact person you will marry, and the circumstances of your death.

“Historical revisionism” is the re-interpretation of a historical account by revisiting known sources or analyzing new sources. The findings of historical revisionism may alter the way a historical event is seen. Examples of historical revisionism include challenging the actions of a historical figure, debating the extent of casualties, or disputing the known facts of an incident.

It is 1943, at the height of the Japanese occupation of Malaya during the Second World War following the surrender of British forces in Malaya and Singapore. The occupation is proving brutal against Malayan civilians who face starvation, poverty, and constant fear as the Japanese would torture or execute those under suspicion of resisting Japanese rule. The fight against the Japanese was led by the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), made up of guerilla fighters and civilians providing food, supplies, and intelligence. You are a civilian in a village facing brutal hardship under Japanese rule. You are aware of other villagers who provide food and supplies to the MPAJA unbeknownst to the Japanese. At the same time, the Japanese government is offering definite rewards in the form of food, money, and shelter in exchange for information on any anti-Japanese activity.

For the purposes of this debate, a Federal Reserve-driven bailout refers to a bailout of financial institutions that is primarily initiated, financed, and implemented, through the tools of the Federal Reserve (e.g. monetary policy, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, etc.).

On the other hand, a legislature-driven bailout refers to a bailout of financial institutions that is primarily initiated, financed, and implemented, through the tools of the legislative branch (e.g. fiscal policy, stimulus packages, etc.).

A political dynasty is a notable family who has multiple members active in politics. Examples of political dynasties include the Marcos and Duterte families in the Philippines, the Lee family in Singapore, and the Mahathir and Anwar families in Malaysia.

Nikki Haley is a right-leaning Republican politician who was the first female governor of Asian American heritage and the first Indian American member of a presidential cabinet as the former US ambassador to the U.N. under the Trump administration. Examples of Haley's political standings include supporting the 'don't say gay' bill, calling for an increase in military force against cartels in Mexico, and stricter immigration controls. Haley is currently running for President in the 2024 US General Election alongside Donald Trump.

Sports diplomacy is the use of sports as a platform to express political views and influence politics. Sports diplomacy may include states using sports as a medium of diplomacy (e.g. banning South Africa from the Olympics due to their Apartheid policies) or athletes using their platform to speak out on political issues.

The European Union (EU) has recently imposed regulations on soy, coffee, palm oil, and other commodities that are linked to deforestation around the world from being sold in the EU market. Companies are now required to prove that their products do not contribute to deforestation in order to avoid hefty fines. Malaysia has strongly opposed the regulation, calling it discriminatory against developing countries as it hurts the local palm oil industry.

Traditional sports in Malaysia, such as diabolo spinning, sepak takraw, and silat, hold deep cultural significance amongst their respective communities. These sports have seen a decline in popularity in recent years in favour of more global sports such as badminton, squash, and cycling.

The University and University Colleges Act (AUKU) 1971 defines the structure of higher education institutions in Malaysia and contains provisions conffering powers onto the government over public universities. One such provision in AUKU 1971 grants the government full authority over the appointment of the public university's Vice Chancellors, who frequently restrict the political freedom of students and academic staff alike as it allows the Vice Chancellor to suspend or dissolve activities "jeapordising the university's interest or hamony." Prominent victims of the AUKU provision include the current Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, who was banned from entering his alma mater. In his original manifesto, Anwar had pledged to repeal AUKU in its entirety; today, the Ministry of Higher Education recently announced that they would be in support of an amendment, but not a full repeal.

“Deinfluencing” is a recent phenomenon on social media where ‘deinfluencers’ critique mainstream products, standards, or lifestyle choices. Deinfluencing stands in contrast to commercial influencing culture where influencers actively promote products, standards, or lifestyle choices (example: 'deinfluencing' viewers by critiquing makeup brands for not having inclusive shades vs. 'influencing' viewers by advocating for the positive aspects of the same makeup brands).

In the “Rent a Girlfriend” industry, men are able to hire willing women to act as their girlfriends in return for an agreed upon amount of money. Depending on the agreement, the “girlfriend” may offer services to meet the client’s family and pretend to be in a serious relationship or to offer additional “physical services” to the client. The “Rent a Girlfriend” industry has lately boomed in China and Japan.

The creation of a charter city involves a developing country offering a long-term lease of vacant land to a foreign government or company (the lessee). The lessee owns the right to build and govern, under its own law, a new city in the allotted land for a pre-determined period of time.

Currency devaluation is defined as the process of implementing government policy (fiscal and monetary) to artifically lower the value of a country's currency relative to foreign currencies.